DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF POLLUTION CLEANING, OBJECTS OF OIL AND GAS COMPLEX, TRANSBORDION SPACE OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31471/2415-3184-2022-1(25)-31-41Keywords:
laser methane detector, oil and gas fields, hydrocarbon pollution maAbstract
This paper proposes and substantiates the use of laser hydrocarbon detectors for quickly determining the zone of their highest concentration in areas with degraded oil and gas wells and mining products drilled in the Carpathian region of Ukraine, Poland, and Romania in the XIX-XX centuries. To obtain reliable information on the level of pollution in the region, it is proposed to use a measuring complex consisting the laser methane detector, Lidar equipment, and GPS navigator on a quadcopter equipped with hydrocarbon measuring detectors for the rapid determination of the areas of greatest pollution.
A terrestrial measuring complex is also used to assess the level of oil and natural gas pollution of the near-surface layers of the atmosphere, soils, and rocks of Quaternary sediments consisting of:
- a special sampler to assess the level of contamination of soils and Quaternary sediments by oil products;
- installations for research on bulk models of filtration processes of oil-water mixtures in soils and Quaternary deposits;
- special georadar ACULA 9000c with the ability to scan soils and rocks to a depth of 40 m.
The article substantiates the use of information obtained from measuring systems to build an interactive map of gas and oil pollution in the region. To develop a set of technologies and equipment for cleaning areas from hydrocarbons, a method of using information on the levels of gas pollution and hydrocarbon pollution in the region is proposed.
The development of the following technologies and equipment for cleaning areas is proposed:
- technologies of ecologically safe reliquidation of degraded oil and gas wells, in which formation pressures in productive formations do not exceed 0.1 hydrostatic pressure in the well.
- technologies of ecologically safe extraction of hydrocarbons from degraded oil and gas wells, in which formation pressures in productive formations compose more than 0,5 hydrostatic pressure in a well;
- technologies of reclamation of oil-contaminated soils with the help of mobile installations for cleaning and utilization of soils in difficult geological and mining conditions;
- technologies for the use of natural gas from degraded wells and mines to generate electricity using cogeneration units. For the same purpose, it is possible to use fuel cells that use methane to directly convert chemical energy into electricity;
- terms of reference for the manufacturing and testing of an experimental sample of the mobile installation for cleaning oil-contaminated soils.
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